Home Automation Using Arduino Uno

• Code And APP Will be Sent TO Those Who Subscribe My Blog with Email Arduino Home Automation Or Comment Me With Home Automation

Step 1: Tools and Materials

Hardware :-

• Arduino / Arduino Clone
• A 5v TTL -UART Bluetooth module like : JY-MCU BT_BOARD (Cheaper) or Bluesmirf Gold/Silver.
• Five 5V SPDT relays like : 5V relay Prototype board or breadboard.
• Connecting wires.

Software :-

• Arduino IDE
• DIY smart home Android App

Step 2: Hardware Assembly

9 More Images

Step 3: Step 3: Schematics

1. Bluetooth TX pin to Arduino RX pin.
2. Bluetooth RX pin to Arduino TX pin
3. VCC pin to 5v GND to GND Arduino
4. Relay IN1 pin to Arduino D2 (Digital Pin 2)

Step 4: Step 4: Programming the Arduino

• Code And APP Will be Sent TO Those Who Subscribe My Blog with Email Arduino Home Automation

Arduino

If you are new to the Arduino, it is a small board, fully assembled with
a AVR micro controller. It is well suited for hacking and interacting with your environment. Many things that are hard with micro controllers are rather easy with Arduino. Some of the advantages:

no need for a separate programming device (programmer)
comes with an integrated development environment (IDE) runs on any platform, Windows, Mac, Linux. easy connection to your PC with USB hardware is open source (but the name Arduino is not) has a great community More information can be found at the official Arduino website.

Steps :-

1. Connect Your Arduino to Computer
2. Copy paste the Home_auto.ino file or open with the Arduino IDE
3. Upload the code to Arduino

Attachments

Step 5: Step 5: Install the App

1. Connect Arduino to 9v battery or computer
2. Install the App in your Phone
3. run the application
4. allow the BT permissions ,
5. Type Your BT Module name (Normally HC-05)
6. Password = 1234
7. pair ok

Attachments

In this Project I only use One Relay and there for we can control only one device , also we can add more relay module and control all of your home .

BE CAREFUL WHEN WORK WITH RELAY ITS 240V AC .

MCB, MCCB, ACB AND VCB DIFFERENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS - CIRCUIT BREAKERS

MCB (Miniature circuit breaker)

• The characteristics of miniature circuit breaker are below,
• MCB rated current is not more than 100 A. means the current limit (or current rating) is maximum 100A).
• Trip characteristics are normally meant not adjustable.
•  MCB operation is thermal based or thermal-magnetic.

MCCB (Moulded case circuit breaker)

• The characteristics of Moulded case circuit breaker are below,
• The current rating of MCCB is from 101 A to 1000 A.
•  The Current of a trip (switch off the circuit) may be adjustable, means current rating we can adjust in MCCB.
• MCCB operates in thermal or thermal-magnetic operation.

ACB (AIR Circuit Breaker)

• The characteristics of ACB (Air Circuit Breaker) are below.
• The current rating of ACB (Air circuit breaker) is from 1001 A to 10000 A.
• Trip characteristics of Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) often fully adjustable including configurable trip thresholds and delays.
• ACB (Air Circuit Breaker) often used in Main Electrical Panels (usually in medium voltage MV or high voltage electrical panels HV). ACB (Air circuit breaker) also usually used for main power distribution in a large industrial plant, where the breakers are arranged in drawn-out enclosures for ease of maintenance.

VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breaker)

• Some important characteristics of Vacuum circuit breaker are below,
• The VCB (Vacuum circuit breaker) current rating is up to 3000 Amperes.
• The main characteristics of vacuum circuit breaker are, it interrupts the arc in a vacuum bottle.
• These can be applied at up to 35 thousand volts.

Is there any other you know, Share with us from below comment box

LOAD FORECASTING - ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

Load forecasting is vitally important for the electric industry in the deregulated economy. It has many applications including energy purchasing and generation, load switching, contract evaluation, and infrastructure development.

Accurate models for electric power load forecasting are essential to the operation and planning of a utility company. Load forecasting helps an electric utility to make important decisions including decisions on purchasing and generating electric power, load switching, and infrastructure development. Load forecasts are extremely important for energy suppliers,

ISOs, financial institutions, and other participants in electric energy generation, transmission, distribution, and markets.

Load forecasts can be divided into three categories:

1. Factors for accurate forecasts 
2. Weather influence
3. Time factors

Weather Influence

Electric load has an obvious correlation to weather.  The most important variables  responsible in load changes are:

• Dry and wet bulb temperature
• Dew point
• Humidity

Wind Speed / Wind Direction

• Sky Cover
• Sunshine
• Time factors

In the forecasting model, we should also  consider time factors such as:

The day of the week

The hour of the day

Holidays

WHY AC SYSTEM ARE PREFERRED OVER DC

We (Usually all over the world), In all the countries, We use AC voltage for consuming and for use electricity. Why not DC voltages?
It may ask you in an interview so it's better to know it first.
There are some factors for using AC rather than DC.

• From powerhouse/power plant, we produce AC voltages so it's better to use AC rather than convert it from AC to DC (because there is extra no benefit to using DC). We need to change transformers, breakers and other devices that we are using at the powerhouse.
• It is easy to maintain AC voltages and step up & step down AC voltages as compared to DC.
• The cost of power-plant is much lower than the DC generation plant (transformers, circuit breakers etc).

WHY THE SUPPLY FREQUENCY ON PAKISTAN IS 50HZ

The Frequency of the generated Voltage basically depends on these points:

1. No. of poles of the Alternator.
2. The speed of generator's rotor (Field Winding).
3. So, by increasing these above both factors, we can increase the generated frequency of the System but keep it in mind that Increase in frequency Cost will also increase so that is why both factors are limited.

The Conclusion is that the frequency band of around 50 Hz to 60 Hz is an optimised value of the frequency in both respects. i.e. Cost of generator and advantages of frequency. We can say that the Supply of Pakistan or India is 50 Hz due to these following factors:

• Due to the Cost efficiency.
• Practical difficulties in using 60Hz supply.

If there is anything else, Comment below your answer for our knowledge and visitor's guidlines.

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR - CONSTRUCTION OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Construction of Synchronous Machines:

Stator:

The stator is similar in construction that of a induction motor.

It is made up of laminated sheet steel having slot on its inner periphery.

Three phase winding is placed in the slot on stator and it serves as armature winding.

Rotor two types Salient:

• for low speed Non-Salient (cylindrical rotor)
• for high speed  Slip rings:

Two slip ring at rotor shaft to provide supply to field winding

Brushed: Two brushes Shaft:

Bearings:

Principle of operation:

Generator: Field produced on rotor by dc current through slip rings

Rotor field is turned at synchronous speed (Ns) by a prime mover.

EMFs induced in stator coils with frequency given by Motor:

The stator is wound for the similar number of poles as that of rotor, and fed with three phase AC supply. 

The 3 phase AC supply produces rotating magnetic field (RMF) in stator.

The rotor winding is fed with DC supply which magnetizes the rotor.

The rotor gets locked to the RMF and rotates unlike induction motor at synchronous speed under all load condition

Why Synchronous motor is not self starting?

How to make it self starting?

Consider a two pole synchronous machine as shown in figure below

Why Synchronous motor is not self starting?

Now, the stator poles are revolving with synchronous speed (lets say clockwise). If the rotor position is such that, N pole of the rotor is near the N pole of the stator (as shown in first schematic of above figure), then the poles of the stator and rotor will repel each other, and the torque produced will be anticlockwise.

The stator poles are rotating with synchronous speed, and they rotate around very fast and interchange their position. But at this very soon, rotor can not rotate with the same angle (due to inertia), and the next position will be likely the second schematic in above figure. In this case, poles of the stator will attract the poles of rotor, and the torque produced will be clockwise.

Hence, the rotor will undergo to a rapidly reversing torque, and the motor will not start.

How to make it self starting?

But, if the rotor is rotated upto the synchronous speed of the stator by means of an external force (in the direction of revolving field of the stator), and the rotor field is excited near the synchronous speed, the poles of stator will keep attracting the opposite poles of the rotor (as the rotor is also, now, rotating with it and the position of the poles will be similar throughout the cycle). Now, the rotor will undergo unidirectional torque. The opposite poles of the stator and rotor will get locked with each other, and the rotor will rotate at the synchronous speed.

Below is comment portion, not just for see, it is for your feedback and questions or suggestions about this topic. So kindly use this comment sections.

WHY POLE SHOE HAS BEEN GIVEN A SPECIFIC SHAPE

So as you know, pole shoe has been given a specific shape, So why it is need for a specific shapoe? I will share two main problems of this scenario.

1. Pole shoe enlarges the area of armature core to come across the flux and which is necessory to produce larger induced EMF. So to acheive this, pole shoe has been given a particular shape.
2. And (for given a shape) It is necessory that  maximum area of the armature comes across the magnetic field produced by the field windings.

ENERGY POWER SUPPLY TECHNOLOGY - THE E.HOUSE TECHNOLOGY FOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Make the process of power distribution more efficient, reliable and safe with energy house power supply as new technology in Electrical power engineering and field. In many cities, infrastructures, buildings automation and industrial plants. They can be linked to industrial and building automation, and are rounded out by comprehensive support throughout the entire life-cycle. What are the benefits of Energy house for power supply solution? there are three main benefits as given below.

Benefits

There are three main benefits of energy houses for power supply solution.

1. Cost Effective
2. Fast to install
3. Flexible

Cost Effective

The installation of an Energy house spare you from dealing with planning, controlling and complex civil works, as well as with crafts on site and construction risks.

Fast to Install

An energy house for power supply arrives at your site ready for plug commission and play. this really speeds up your lead time.

Flexible

You can choose from several energy house types according to your application requirements, equip them with exactly the products you need.

Plug and Play Power Distribution

The Energy house can also be used for plant balancing of fossil and renewable energy, as reliable power supply for critical processes, for grid coupling, as well as for the grid connection of electrical energy storage systems. Energy house are optimal approach to install electrical power and control equipment for a fast and reliable power supply. An energy house is a pre-fabricated electrical building, fully equipped. Actually industries needs a reliable and efficient power supply as well as flexible solutions that can be adapted to individual requirements. Energy house for power supply are fast and very easy way to install, can be used as an interim solution. They are easy to upgrade, and used available space optimally. This makes them the most suitable option for a broad range of application.

    The Energy house offer more; one stop solution, consistency, safety, flexibility, cost effciency, reliability and advanced technology.